Kajian Kebutuhan Family Centered Care dalam Perawatan Bayi Sakit Kritis di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Sistem perawatan bayi di NICU memberikan dampak negatif bagi bayi dan orang tua. Upaya yang dapat dikembangkan untuk meminimalkan dampak tersebut yaitu dengan mengaplikasikan family centered care (FCC). Langkah pertama upaya tersebut adalah mengidentifikasi kebutuhan orang tua. Dalam penelitian sebelumnya, kebutuhan orang tua sangat bervariasi. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan FCC dalam perawatan bayi sakit kritis di NICU. Metode penelitian menggunakan mixed method dengan strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap 45 responden dan menggunakan kuesioner NICU Family Need Inventory. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mean. Penelitian kualitatif dilakukan terhadap 7 partisipan dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data menerapkan teknik content analysis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di NICU Rumah Sakit Pemerintah Wilayah Bandung Raya. Orang tua memiliki urutan prioritas kebutuhan terhadap kepastian (M = 3,90), informasi (M = 3,82), kedekatan (M = 3,76), dukungan (M = 3,49), dan kenyamanan (M = 3,37). Pada penelitian kualitatif didapatkan, orang tua lebih membutuhkan kepastian terkait jaminan bayinya mendapatkan perawatan terbaik; kebutuhan terhadap informasi jujur, jelas, dan rutin mengenai kondisi, perkembangan, dan tindakan yang dilakukan terhadap bayi; dan kebutuhan terhadap kedekatan untuk selalu dekat dan melakukan kontak dengan bayi. Kebutuhan orang tua lebih berfokus pada kesejahteraan bayi. Dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan, selain meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap bayi, perawat harus memerhatikan kebutuhan orang tua terkait jaminan kepastian bayinya mendapatkan perawatan terbaik, penyampaian informasi dengan komunikasi terbuka, dan menjalin kontak dengan bayi. Dengan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan orang tua, dapat menuntun perawat mengintegrasikan kebutuhan orang tua kedalam FCC sehingga orang tua dapat memenuhi kebutuhannya, mendapatkan kepuasan, dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup bayi.Kata kunci: Bayi sakit kritis, kebutuhan orang tua, perawatan berpusat pada keluarga. Study of Family Centered Care Needs in Critically Ill Infants Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care UnitAbstractInfants hospitalization in the NICU adversely affect for infants and parents. Efforts can be developed to minimize this impact is by applying family centered care (FCC). The first step is identify needs of parents. In previous study examined the differences needs of parents. This study aimed to identify the FCC needs in critically ill infants care in the NICU. The research method was mixed method design with sequential explanatory strategy. The samples in quantitative research were 45 respondents and using questionnaires NICU Family Need Inventory. Data analysis was done by mean. Qualitative research using 7 participants and using interview guidelines. Data analysis used analysis content technique. This research has been carried out in the NICU Government Hospital of Bandung Raya. The quantitative result indicated that parents with critically ill infants in the NICU need assurance most (M = 3.90), followed by information (M = 3.82), proximity (M = 3.76), support (M = 3.49), and comfort (M = 3.37). The main themes from qualitative analysis demonstrated needs of parents in assurance associated with assured the best care possible is being given to infants; information is honest, clear, and routine regarding condition, prognosis, and procedures that performed to infants; and proximity to always close and make contact with the infants. Needs of parents are focused on the wellbeing of their infants. In doing nursing care, beside improving care to the infants, the nurses should pay attention to needs of parents related the assurance their infants get the best care, open communication, and close contact with their infants. By identifying the needs of parents in the NICU, it can allow nurses to integrate the needs of parents into FCC so that parents can meet these needs, get satisfaction, and can improve the quality of life infants.Keywords: Critically ill infants, family centered care, needs of parents.