Perilaku Pencegahan Penularan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Melatarbelakanginya pada Pasien Tuberculosis Multidrugs Resistance (TB MDR)

Abstract

Tuberculosis Multidrugs Resistance (TB-MDR) merupakan masalah serius di Indonesia. Selain memiliki risiko penularan yang tinggi, TB-MDR mempunyai banyak hambatan dalam pengobatan, baik lama pengobatan, jumlah obat yang banyak, dan efek samping yang buruk. DHal ini menjadi penting mengidentifikasi perilaku pencegahan penularan pada pasien TB-MDR beserta faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku penderita TB-MDR dalam mencegah penularan beserta faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Penelitian deskriptif korelasional ini melibatkan seluruh pasien TB-MDR yang sedang menjalani pengobatan fase intensif hingga November 2014 di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin sebanyak 61 orang. Data karakteristik responden, perilaku dan faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakanginya dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dihubungkan satu sama lain (independent t-test, one way annova, dan Pearson Correlational test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari setengah responden berpendidikan SMA (54,1%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (60,6%), tipe MDR gagal pengobatan kategori 1 & 2 (60,7%), berusia < 44 tahun (68,9%), sebagian besar menikah (75,4%) dan berpenghasilan di bawah UMR (81,9%), serta mengeluhkan efek samping berupa mual (90,1%). Lebih dari setengah responden (57,4%) melaporkan perilaku pencegahan penularan yang baik. Perilaku pencegahan penularan ditemukan berhubungan secara bermakna dengan jenis kelamin (p = 0,01), perceived benefit (p = 0,02), cues to action (p = 0,00), dan self efficacy (p = 0,006). Akan tetapi, tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara perilaku pencegahan dengan data demografi (usia, satatus pernikahan, tingkat pendidikan, dan penghasilan) maupun tipe MDR (p>0,05). Hal ini menjadi penting bagi tenaga kesehatan untuk memperkuat faktor tersebut sebagai upaya meningkatkan perilaku pencegahan transmisi/penularan TB.Kata kunci: Faktor, pencegahan penularan, TB-MDR. Prevention Behaviors and Its’ Contributing Factors among Patients with Multi-drugs Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)AbstractMulti-drugs Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a serious health problem in Indonesia. Beside the risk of transmission, the treatment of MDR-TB encounters some obstacles namely lengthy medication, multiple drugs and adverse side effects. Therefore, it is important to identify patients’ prevention behaviors and its contributing factors. This study was aimed to identify MDR-TB patients’ prevention behaviors and its’ contributing factors. This descriptive correlational study involved all (61 patients) of MDR-TB patients who received intensive medication until November 2014 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital. Demographic and health characteristics data, as well as behaviors and its related factors were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses and correlational test (independent t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation test). The results showed that more than half of respondents were male (60.6%), MDR with failed medication type 1 & 2 (60.7%), age less than 44 years old (68.9%), mostly married (75.4%), had income less than minimum standard (81.9%), and experienced nausea as the medication’s side effect (90.1%). Additionally, more than half of respondents (57.4%) reported good prevention behaviors. These behaviors significantly related to female gender (p = 0.01), perceived benefit (p = 0.02), cues to action (p = 0.000), and self-efficacy (p = 0.006). However, there was not any significant relationship between the prevention behaviors and demographic data (age, educational level, marital status, and income) or between the behaviors and patients’ medication categories (p > 0.05). Generally, MDR-TB patients in this study performed good preventive behaviors and it was related to their perceived benefit, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Therefore, it is important for healthcare professional to empower these identified factors in order to minimize the MDR-TB transmission.Key words: Factors, MDR-TB, prevention behaviors.