Keywords
Dissociative disorders
Fahr’s syndrome
Hypoparathyroid
Movement disorders
Abstract
Background: Fahr's syndrome (FS) is a movement and psychiatric disorder characterized by symmetrical and bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia. Dissociative amnesia is a rare psychiatric disorder that occurs after stressful events and is classified as a dissociative disorder. In addition, dissociation is the process by which the mind conceals stressful events from consciousness. Several neuropsychiatric manifestations in FS have been reported. However, due to their rarity, FS and dissociative amnesia can be misdiagnosed.
Case: A 43-year-old female presented with Parkinsonian symptoms and an inability to recall important personal information. FS and dissociative amnesia were diagnosed after a thorough medical, psychiatric, and diagnostic investigation. Subsequently, correction of calcium and phosphate levels by α-hydroxy-vitamin-73 D3 and psychotherapy were administered for two-months until there were no neuropsychiatric symptoms reported.
Conclusion: This research highlights a rare case of FS with dissociative amnesia which pathophysiology is not completely understood due to limited research.
References
Abubakar, S., & Saidu, S. (2012). Idiopathic bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease): A case report and review of the literature. Annals of African Medicine, 11(4), 234-237. https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-3519.102855
Asokan, A. G., D’souzA, S., Jeganathan, J., & Pai, S. (2013). Fahr’s Syndrome- An Interesting Case Presentation. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 7(3), 532. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/4946.2814
Calabrò, R., Spadaro, L., Marra, A., & Bramanti, P. (2014). Fahr’s disease presenting with dementia at onset: A case report and literature review. Behavioural Neurology, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/750975
El Hechmi, S., Bouhlel, S., Melki, W., & El Hechmi, Z. (2014). [Psychotic disorder induced by Fahr’s syndrome: a case report]. L’Encephale, 40(3), 271-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENCEP.2013.04.012
Engelhardt, E. (2020). Cerebral localization of higher functions: Memory-related anatomic structures. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 14(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642020DN14-010012
Grover, S., Ghormode, D., Maheshwari, U., & Kate, N. (2011). Fahr’s disease and psychiatric syndromes: A case series. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 20(2), 136-138. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.102527
Lauterbach, E. C., Cummings, J. L., Duffy, J., Coffey, C. E., Kaufer, D., Lovell, M., Malloy, P., Reeve, A., Royall, D. R., Rummans, T. A., & Salloway, S. P. (1998). Neuropsychiatric correlates and treatment of lenticulostriatal diseases: A review of the literature and overview of research opportunities in Huntington’s, Wilson’s, and Fahr’s diseases. A report of the ANPA Committee on Research. American Neuropsychiatri. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 10(3), 249-266. https://doi.org/10.1176/JNP.10.3.249
Lee, Y., Park, S., Kim, Y., Park, K., Kim, I., Park, J., & Park, B. (2018). A Case of Seizure Revealing Fahr’s Syndrome with Primary Hypoparathyroidism. The American Journal of Case Reports, 19, 1430-1433. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.913382
Lucchelli, F., & Spinnler, H. (2002). The “Psychogenic†Versus “Organic†Conundrum of Pure Retrograde Amnesia: Is it Still Worth Pursuing? Cortex, 38(4), 665-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70033-9
Naqvi, S., Arshad, S., Hanif, R., & Elfert, K. (2017). Fahr’s Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Schizophrenia: A Case Report. Cureus, 9(3), e1071. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.1071
Ooi, H. W., Er, C., Hussain, I., Kuthiah, N., & Meyyur Aravamudan, V. (2019). Bilateral Basal Ganglia Calcification: Fahr’s Disease. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.4797
Perugula, M. L., & Lippmann, S. (2016). Fahr’s Disease or Fahr’s Syndrome? Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 13(7-8), 45. /pmc/articles/PMC5022990/
Roiter, B., Pigato, G., & Perugi, G. (2016). Late-Onset Mania in a Patient with Movement Disorder and Basal Ganglia Calcifications: A Challenge for Diagnosis and Treatment. Case Reports in Psychiatry, 2016, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1393982
Saleem, S., Aslam, H., Anwar, M., Anwar, S., Saleem, M., Saleem, A., & Rehmani, M. (2013). Fahr’s syndrome: Literature review of current evidence. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 8(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-8-156
Samuels, C., Khanni, J., Barkley, K., Azhar, M., & Espinosa, P. (2018). Case Report: An Incidental Finding of Fahr’s Disease in a Patient with Hypochondria. Cureus, 10(12), e3668. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.3668
Savino, E., Soavi, C., Capatti, E., Borrelli, M., Vigna, G. B., Passaro, A., & Zuliani, G. (2016). Bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis (Fahr’s disease): Report of seven cases and revision of literature. BMC Neurology, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0693-1
Staniloiu, A., & Markowitsch, H. J. (2014). Dissociative amnesia. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 1(3), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(14)70279-2
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Faizal Muhammad, Wilson Arpin, Yeremia Suryo Pratama, Cynthia Hanny Lestari, Pepi Budianto, Rivan Danuaji, Ervina Arta Jayanti Hutabarat, Stefanus Erdana Putra, Muhammad Hafizhan