Abstract
Pranayama Yoga can help improve breathing, and improve calm and also relieve stress. Endurance training can increase lung capacity, improve fitness, and relax the body. However, the combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercises has never been done in asthma patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the combination of pranayama yoga exercises and endurance exercises for Increased Peak Forced Expiration Flow. The design of this study was Quasy Experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design, the location of the study was in the pulmonary clinic of Universitas Airlangga Hospital and Haji General Hospital in Surabaya, East java. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling techniques in accordance with inclusion criteria with a total of 72 respondents. Peak Expiration Flow is measured from forced vital capacity or The peak expiratory flow (PEF) is the maximum flow obtained within the first 200 milliseconds of a forced expiratory maneuver after inhalation to total lung capacity (TLC). The intervention group was given a combination exercise by doing pranayama yoga and endurance exercise for 6 weeks, 2x per week, 51 minutes for each training session. Pranayama yoga combination exercises and endurance exercise using trainer instructors and modules. FPEF and asthma control were measured every week for 6 weeks. The results showed a significant difference in the level of FPEF and asthma control before and after 6 weeks of interventions combination of pranayama yoga and endurance exercise in the intervention group obtained significance values (p <0.05) with p = 0.000 and asthma control in the intervention group (p <0, 05) with p = 0.000 the results of the research shows that by practicing pranayama yoga and endurance exercise can improve FPEF and asthma control. Pranayama yoga and endurance exercise can be used as an complementary therapy in supporting pharmacological therapy to improve FPEF and control asthma.
References
Abirami, P., & Raj, J. (2013). Impact of yoga on blood glucose level among mother with gestational diabetes mellitus at government hospital , Tambaram , Chennai , Tamilnadu. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 4(1), 99-105.
Agnihotri, S., Kant, S., Kumar, S., Mishra, R., & Mishra, S. (2016). The assessment of effects of yoga on pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Medical Society, 30(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-4958.182909
Agnihotri, S., Kant, S., Mishra, S. K., & Singh, R. (2016). Efficacy of yoga in mild to moderate persistent chronic bronchial asthma. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 15(2), 337-340.
Ahmed, A. Z., Mohamed, D., & Hashem, S. (2011). Effect of using fartlek exercises on Some physical and physiological variables of football and volleyball players. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 5(4), 225-231. Retrieved December 14, 2019, from https://idosi.org/wjss/5(4)11/3.pdf
Atmoko, W., Faisal, H. K. P., Bobian, E. T., Adisworo, M. W., & Yunus Faisal. (2011). Prevalens asma tidak terkontrol dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kontrol asma di poliklinik asma rumah sakit persahabatan, jakarta. (The prevalence of uncontrolled asthma and factors related to the level of asthma control in the asthma polyclinic of Friendship Hospital, Jakarta). J Respir Indo, 31(2), 53-60. Retrieved December 14, 2019, from http://arsip.jurnalrespirologi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/april-2011-11-18.pdf
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2013). Riset kesehatan dasar (riskesdas) 2013. (Basic health research 2013). Laporan Nasional 2013, 1-384. Retrieved October 4, 2019, from https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf
Baines, K. J., Simpson, J. L., Wood, L. G., Scott, R. J., Fibbens, N. L., Powell, H., … Gibson, P. G. (2014). Sputum gene expression signature of 6 biomarkers discriminates asthma inflammatory phenotypes. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(4), 997-1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1091
Begum, A., & Hussain, I. (2013). Effect of fartlek training on selected physical and physiological variables of inter district women athlete s. Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 1(3), 3-6. Retrieved October 14, 2019, from http://ijcrt.net/UploadedArticle/15.pdf
Bonura, K. B. (2007). The impact of yoga on psychological health in older adults. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 190. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0365
Cebrià I Iranzo, M. D. À., Arnall, D. A., Camacho, C. I., & Tomás, J. M. (2014). Effects of inspiratory muscle training and yoga breathing exercises on respiratory muscle function in institutionalized frail older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 37(2), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e31829938bb
Chandra, F. A. (1994). Respiratory practices in yoga. In B. H. Timmons & R. Ley (Eds.), Behavioral and psychological approaches to breathing disorders (pp. 221-232). Plenum Press.
Chen, Y.-C., Tsai, J.-C., Liou, Y.-M., & Chan, P. (2017). Effectiveness of endurance exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16(5), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515116684407
Côté, A., Turmel, J., & Boulet, L. P. (2018). Exercise and Asthma. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 39(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606215
Cramer, H., Lauche, R., & Dobos, G. (2014). Characteristics of randomized controlled trials of yoga. BMC Complementary & Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-328
Cramer, H., Posadzki, P., Dobos, G., & Langhorst, J. (2014). Yoga for asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 112(6), 503-510.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2014.03.014
Eichenberger, P. A., Diener, S. N., Kofmehl, R., & Spengler, C. M. (2013). Effects of exercise training on airway hyperreactivity in asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 43(11), 1157-1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0077-2
Fulambarker, A., Farooki, B., Kheir, F., Copur, A. S., Srinivasan, L., & Schultz, S. (2012). Effect of yoga in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Therapeutics, 19(2), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181f2ab86
Ghebre, M. A., Bafadhel, M., Desai, D., Cohen, S. E., Newbold, P., Rapley, L., … Brightling, C. E. (2015). Biological clustering supports both “dutch†and “british†hypotheses of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 135(1), 63-72.e10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.035
GINA. (2018). Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Retrieved December 1, 2019, from https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/2018-GINA.pdf
Grzela, K., Zagorska, W., Krejner, A., Litwiniuk, M., Zawadzka-Krajewska, A., Banaszkiewicz, A., … Grzela, T. (2015). Prolonged Treatment with Inhaled Corticosteroids does not Normalize High Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Exhaled Breath Condensates of Children with Asthma. Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis, 63(3), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-015-0328-z
Hall, J. E. (2015). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Indrayana, B. (2013). Perbedaan pengaruh latihan interval training dan fartlek terhadap daya tahan kardiovaskular pada atlet junior putra taekwondo wild club Medan 2006/2007. (Differences in the effect of interval training and fartlek on cardiovascular endurance in junior male athletes of Taekwondo Wild Club Medan 2006/2007). Jurnal Cerdas Syifa, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.22437/csp.v1i1.699
Utama, J. E. P. (2018). Kombinasi active cycle breathing technique dan buteyko therapy terhadap PEFR Dan kontrol. [Master’s thesis, Universitas Airlangga]. Universitas Airlangga. Retrieved December 4, 2019, from https://repository.unair.ac.id/73360/
Katerine, K., Medison, I., & Rustam, E. (2014). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan mengenai asma dengan tingkat kontrol asma. (The relationship between the level of knowledge about asthma and the level of asthma control). Artikel Penelitian, 3(1), 58-62. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v3i1.27
Khotimah, S. (2013). Endurance Exercise Improves Quality Of Life Better Than Breathing Exercise For Patient With COPD In BP4 Yogyakarta, 1(1), 20-32.
Kristina ZaiÄenkovienÄ—1, A. S., , Roma AleksandraviÄienÄ—1, 2, StasiuleviÄienÄ—1, L., & Lithuanian. (2013). Yoga Practice Has Minor Influence On, i(1), 97-101.
Kushartanti, M. K. B. M. W. (2013). Pengaruh latihan fartlek dengan treadmill dan lari di lapangan terhadap daya tahan kerdiorespirasi. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 1(1), 2013, 1(3), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v1i1.2347
Liu, X.-C., Pan, L., Hu, Q., Dong, W.-P., Yan, J.-H., & Dong, L. (2014). Effects of yoga training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6(6), 795-802. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.05
Moore, W. C., & Castro, M. (2017). The Many “Buckets†of Severe Asthma: Moving Toward Personalized Management. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 5(4), 936-937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2017.05.017
Eleckuvan, M. (2014). Effectiveness of fartlek training on maximum oxygen consumption and resting pulse rate. International Journal of Physical Education, 3(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.26524/14115
Nizet, T. A. C., Heijdra, Y. F., van den Elshout, F. J. J., van de Ven, M. J. T., Bosch, F. H., Mulder, P. H., & Folgering, H. T. M. (2009). Respiratory muscle strength and muscle endurance are not affected by acute metabolic acidemia. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging, 29(6), 392-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2009.00878.x
Parmar, J., & Nagarwala, R. (2014). Effects of pranayama on bronchial asthma. International Journal of Physiology, 2(1), 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2320-608X.2.1.021
Putra, M. M., Sriyono, S., & Yasmara, D. (2017). Yoga pranayama increase Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) in patient with asthma. In 8th International Nursing Conference on Education, Practice and Research Development in Nursing. https://dx.doi.org/10.2991/inc-17.2017.4
Quirt, J., Hildebrand, K. J., Mazza, J., Noya, F., & Kim, H. (2018). Asthma. allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 14(S2), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0279-0
Safdar, A., Bourgeois, J. M., Ogborn, D. I., Little, J. P., Hettinga, B. P., Akhtar, M., … Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2011). Endurance exercise rescues progeroid aging and induces systemic mitochondrial rejuvenation in mtDNA mutator miSafdar, A. et al. 2011. “Endurance Exercise Rescues Progeroid Aging and Induces Systemic Mitochondrial Rejuvenation in mtDNA Mutator Mice.†Proce. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(10), 4135-4140. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019581108.
Shankarappa, V., Prashanth, P., Annamalai, N., & Varunmalhotra. (2012). The short term effect of pranayama on the lung parameters. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 6(1), 27-30.
Shyam Karthik, P., Chandrasekhar, M., Ambareesha, K., & Nikhil, C. (2014). Effect of pranayama and suryanamaskar on pulmonary functions in medical students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 8(12), BC04-BC06. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/10281.5344
Sindhu, P. (2015). Panduan lengkap yoga: untuk hidup sehat dan seimbang. (The complete guide to yoga: For a healthy and balanced life.) Mizan Qanita.
Soni, R., Munish, K., Singh, K. P., & Singh, S. (2012). Study of the effect of yoga training on diffusion capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A controlled trial. International Journal of Yoga, 5(2), 123-127. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2F0973-6131.98230
Suryantoro, E., Isworo, A., & Upoyo, A. S. (2017). Perbedaan Efektivitas Pursed Lips Breathing dengan Six Minutes Walk Test terhadap Forced Expiratory. (Differences of Effectiveness of Pursed Lips Breathing and Six Minutes Walk Test against Forced Expiratory). 5, 99-112. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v5i2.448
Udayani, W., & Amin, M. (2019). The Effect of Combination of Buteyko Breathing Technique and Walking Exercise on Forced Peak Expiratory Flow In Adult Asthmatic Patients, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v7i2.1193
WHO. (2018). WHO | Bronchial asthma. Retrieved November 3, 2018, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs206/en/
Wijaya, I. M. K. (2015). Aktivitas Fisik (Olahraga) Pada Penderita Asma. (Physical activity (exercise) in asthmatics). 336-341.
Benavides-Pinzón, W. F., & Torres, J.L. (2017). Effects of yoga ( pranayama ) on lung function and lactate kinetics in sedentary adults at intermediate altitude, 65(3), 467-472. https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n3.56310
Yang ZY, Zhong HB, Mao C, Yuan JQ, Huang YF, Wu XY, Gao YM, T. J. (2016). Yoga for asthma ( Review ) Summary Of Findings For The Main Comparison. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010346.pub2

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran