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Original

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran

Pengalaman Penderita Skizofrenia tentang Proses Terjadinya Halusinasi Suryani

  • Suryani S
DOI
https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v1i1.46
Submitted
April 10, 2015
Published
2023-10-06

Abstract

Halusinasi adalah gejala khas skizofrenia yang merupakan pengalaman sensori menyimpang atau salah yang
dipersepsikan sebagai sesuatu yang nyata. Kondisi ini menyebabkan individu tidak dapat kontak dengan lingkungan
dan hidup dalam dunianya sendiri. Penderita skizofrenia dengan halusinasi yang masih kuat dapat berbahaya bagi
dirinya sendiri dan orang lain. Hingga saat ini, mekanisme terjadinya halusinasi yang dialami penderita skizofrenia
belum jelas. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Desember 2007 hingga April 2008 ini bertujuan menggali pengalaman
penderita skizofrenia tentang proses terjadinya halusinasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan
pendekatan fenomenologi. Delapan orang responden yang memenuhi kriteria diwawancara secara mendalam dan
seluruh pembicaraannya direkam dengan tape recorder. Hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan pendekatan Collaizi dan
diperoleh lima tema besar yakni proses terjadinya halusinasi dimulai dengan serangkaian masalah yang dipikirkan
atau dirasakan penderita, situasi atau kondisi tertentu dapat mencetuskan halusinasi, proses halusinasi terjadi secara
bertahap, waktu proses halusinasi, dan pencegahan halusinasi dengan pendekatan spiritual serta penggunaan koping
yang konstruktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam merawat penderita skizofrenia
yang mengalami halusinasi, perawat harus memahami bagaimana terjadinya halusinasi secara komprehensif.


Kata kunci:Fenomena, proses halusinasi, skizofrenia

 

Abstract
Hallucination is one hallmark symptom of schizophrenia. Hallucination is false or distorted sensory experiences
that appear to be real perception. This condition causes the individuals to lose contact with environment and
live in their own world. They are also dangerous for other people and themselves because the hallucination
threatens them. Until now, the phenomenon of hallucination have not been revealed yet. Therefore, it is
important to explore the live world of the people who experience hallucination. The purpose of this research
is to undertake an exploration of living with hallucination as described by people who have been diagnosed
with schizophrenia. Phenomenological approach was used to gain data. The data was analysed using Collaizi’
approach to analysis. Eight clients with schizophrenia were selected, and data were collected through audiotaped
semistructured interviewes. Five main categories of theme emerged from the interviews: The process of
hallicunation was started by a lot of problem that burdened the clients; the process of hallicunation was
triggered by specific situation and condition; the process of hallucination was happened in several step, time for
the process of hallucinations and hallucinations can be prevented by spiritual activity and constructive coping
behaviour. Conclusions highlight the need to understand about the process of hallucinations comprehensifly.
Key words: Phenomenon, schizophrenia, the process of hallucinations

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