Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Padjadjaran of Nursing Journal

Review

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran

Psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder applied for people in indonesia: A scoping review

DOI
https://doi.org/10.24198/jkp.v11i1.2226
Submitted
January 25, 2023
Published
2023-04-27

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs as triggered or exposure to traumatic events. Psychotherapies have been proven to be effective and superior for people with PTSD. Several psychotherapies have been developed with different approaches. Yet the application of psychotherapy is rarely found and provided by professionals to those who need it in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to figure out the application of PTSD psychotherapies for people with PTSD based on studies conducted in Indonesia. Methods: The review was reported following the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews. A systematic screening was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane library, Embase, Portal Garuda, PubMed, Scopus, as well as manual searches without language and date restrictions. The quality of the study was determined based on the risk of bias. Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) and MINORS were used to evaluate the risk of bias of RCT and quasi-experimental studies, respectively. Results: Five RCTs and four quasi-experimental studies published from 2008 to 2022 (n=465) were employed in this review. Three types of therapies were conducted for people with PTSD; five CBT studies, two EMDR studies, and two SHAT studies, performed in one day up to six weeks, one to 15 sessions, and 30 to 60 minutes for each session. All studies evaluated PTSD as the primary outcome, while the most measured secondary outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: CBT was the most frequent therapy for Indonesian people with PTSD, followed by EMDR and SHAT. The application of therapies varied in frequency, duration, length of therapy, and component. Further research on the implementation of various types of psychotherapy for people with PTSD will be required.

Article Matrics
Abstract views : 852 times PDF Downloads: 595

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  2. APA. (2017a). Clinical practice guideline for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. In. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline: American Psychological Association
  3. APA. (2017b). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Retrieved January, 9th from https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/cognitive-behavioral-therapy
  4. Armenta, R. F., Rush, T., LeardMann, C. A., Millegan, J., Cooper, A., Hoge, C. W., & Millennium Cohort Study, t. (2018). Factors associated with persistent posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. military service members and veterans. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1590-5
  5. Aurizki, G. E., Efendi, F., & Indarwati, R. (2019). Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following natural disaster among Indonesian elderly. Working with Older People, 24(1), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1108/wwop-08-2019-0020
  6. Coventry, P. A., Meader, N., Melton, H., Temple, M., Dale, H., Wright, K., Cloitre, M., Karatzias, T., Bisson, J., Roberts, N. P., Brown, J. V. E., Barbui, C., Churchill, R., Lovell, K., McMillan, D., & Gilbody, S. (2020). Psychological and pharmacological interventions for posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid mental health problems following complex traumatic events: Systematic review and component network meta-analysis. PLoS Med, 17(8), e1003262. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003262
  7. Dawson, K., Joscelyne, A., Meijer, C., Steel, Z., Silove, D., & Bryant, R. (2017). A controlled trial of trauma-focused therapy versus problem-solving in Islamic children affected by civil conflict and disaster in Aceh, Indonesia. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 52(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867417714333
  8. Downs, L., Rahmadian, A., Noviawati, E., Vakil, G., Hendriani, S., Masril, & Kim, D. (2017). A DSM Comparative study of PTSD Incidence in Indonesia. Advances in Social Science Research Journal, 4(12), 200-212. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.412.3414
  9. Efendi, F., Indarwati, R., & Aurizki, G. E. (2020). Effect of trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy on depression and the quality of life of the elderly in Indonesia. Working with Older People, 24(3), 149-157. https://doi.org/10.1108/WWOP-02-2020-0004
  10. Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy. InnovAiT, 6(9), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738012471029
  11. Flannery, R. B. (2001). The employee victim of violence: Recognizing the impect of untreated psychological trauma. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®, 16(4), 230-233. https://doi.org/10.1177/153331750101600406
  12. Flory, J. D., & Yehuda, R. (2015). Comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Alternative explanations and treatment considerations. Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 17(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.2/jflory
  13. Fox, V., Dalman, C., Dal, H., Hollander, A. C., Kirkbride, J. B., & Pitman, A. (2021). Suicide risk in people with post-traumatic stress disorder: A cohort study of 3.1 million people in Sweden. Journal of affective disorders, 279, 609-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.009
  14. Hase, M. (2021). The Structure of EMDR therapy: A guide for the therapist. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 660753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660753
  15. Higgins, J. P. (2016). ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ, 355, i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919
  16. Higgins, J., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M., & (editor), W. V. (2022). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 cochrane.
  17. Irwanto, Faisal, & Zulfa, H. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder among indonesian children 5 years after the tsunami. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 46(5), 918-923.
  18. Kliem, S., & Kröger, C. (2013). Prevention of chronic PTSD with early cognitive behavioral therapy: a meta-analysis using mixed-effects modeling. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(11), 753-761. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.08.005
  19. Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Meron Ruscio, A., Benjet, C., Scott, K., Atwoli, L., Petukhova, M., Lim, C. C. W., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Bunting, B., Ciutan, M., de Girolamo, G., . . . Kessler, R. C. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med, 47(13), 2260-2274. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000708
  20. Lesmana, C. B., Suryani, L. K., Jensen, G. D., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2009). A spiritual-hypnosis assisted treatment of children with PTSD after the 2002 Bali terrorist attack. Am J Clin Hypn, 52(1), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2009.10401689
  21. Lesmana, C. B. J., Suryani, L. K., & Tiliopoulos, N. (2022). The biobehavioural effectiveness of spiritual-hypnosis-assisted therapy in PTSD with childhood trauma. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 58(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-022-00475-9
  22. Marthoenis, M., Ilyas, A., Sofyan, H., & Schouler-Ocak, M. (2019). Prevalence, comorbidity and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in adolescents following an earthquake. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 43, 154-159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2019.05.030
  23. Mavranezouli, I., Megnin-Viggars, O., Daly, C., Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Stockton, S., Bhutani, G., Grey, N., Leach, J., Greenberg, N., Katona, C., El-Leithy, S., & Pilling, S. (2020a). Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis. Psychol Med, 50(4), 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291720000070
  24. Mavranezouli, I., Megninâ€Viggars, O., Daly, C., Dias, S., Stockton, S., Meiserâ€Stedman, R., Trickey, D., & Pilling, S. (2020b). Research review: psychological and psychosocial treatments for children and young people with postâ€traumatic stress disorder: a network metaâ€analysis. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 61(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13094
  25. Merz, J., Schwarzer, G., & Gerger, H. (2019). Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and combination treatments in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(9), 904-913. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0951
  26. National Institute of Mental Health. (2022, May, 2022). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Retrieved November 7th from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
  27. Slim, K., Nini, E., Forestier, D., Kwiatkowski, F., Panis, Y., Chipponi, J. (2003). Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg 73 (9), 712-716. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x
  28. Perangin-Angin, S., Wijono, S., & Hunga, A. I. R. (2021). Applying cognitive-behavioral therapy to help survivors of dating violence: a pilot study. Jurnal Psikologi, 48(1), 41. http://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.56023
  29. Peters, M. D., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Soares, C. B. (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. JBI Evidence Implementation, 13(3), 141-146. http://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
  30. Priebe, S., Matanov, A., Janković Gavrilović, J., McCrone, P., Ljubotina, D., Knežević, G., ... & Schützwoh, M. (2009). Consequences of untreated posttraumatic stress disorder following war in former Yugoslavia: morbidity, subjective quality of life, and care costs. Croatian medical journal, 50(5), 465-475. http://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2009.50.465
  31. Rahmania, A., & Moordiningsih. (2012). Pengaruh eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) dengan teknik stabilisasi untuk menurunkan posttraumatic stress disordder (PTSD). Jurnal intervensi psikologi, 4(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol4.iss2.art2
  32. Saeed, S. A., & Gargano, S. P. (2022). Natural disasters and mental health. International Review of Psychiatry, 34(1), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2037524
  33. Sarimin, D. S., & Tololiu, T. A. (2017). Effectivenes of cognitive behavior therapy in comparison to CBT-Plus play therapy among children with post-traumatic stress disorder in manado, Indonesia. International journal of research in medical sciences, 1589-1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171270
  34. Shapiro, F. (1989). Eye movement desensitization: A new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 20(3), 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(89)90025-6
  35. Sijbrandij, M., Kunovski, I., & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Effectiveness of internetâ€delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and metaâ€analysis. Depression and anxiety, 33(9), 783-791. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22533
  36. Susanty, E., Sijbrandij, M., Srisayekti, W., Suparman, Y., & Huizink, A. C. (2022). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization for post-traumatic stress disorder in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial. Front Psychol, 13, 845520. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845520
  37. TheJakartaPost. (2019). 3,622 natural disasters occured in 2019: BNPB. TheJakartaPost. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/12/18/3622-natural-disasters-occurred-in-2019-bnpb.html
  38. Tol, W., Komproe, I., Susanty, D., Jordans, M., Macy, R., & De Jong, J. (2008). School-based mental health intervention for children affected by political violence in Indonesia. JAMA, 300(6), 655-662. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.6.655
  39. Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., ... & Straus, S. E. (2018). PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Annals of internal medicine, 169(7), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
  40. Yunitri, N., Chu, H., Kang, X. L., Wiratama, B. S., Lee, T. Y., Chang, L. F., ... & Chou, K. R. (2023). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Psychological Medicine, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291722003737