Keywords
ventilator-associated pneumonia
intensive care unit
nurse
Abstract
Background: Bacterial translocation is one cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia among patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit. The study aimed to observe critical nurses information about bacterial translocation prevention and ventilator-associated control in clinical settings.
Methods: A qualitative phenomenology design was undertaken from July to September 2021. We recruited 40 critical nurses in government and educational hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia. The in-depth online interview was conducted during the interview process and analysed using Colaizzi’s technique.
Results: We emerged five themes that consist of 1) limited of nurse’s competence, 2) unsupported work environment, 3) barrier of human resource management, 4) work motivation, and 5) development of bacterial translocation preventive tools.
Conclusion: Prevention of bacterial translocation is needed by developing tools and accessible by nurses. Whereases, the capacity and ability need to be developed by training. Nurses and Hospital Managers consider putting the attention of evidence-based tools in clinical settings.
References
Alagna, L., Bandera, A., Patruno, A., Muscatello, A., Citerio, G., & Gori, A. (2019). Microbiota in ICU, not only a gut problem. Intensive Care Medicine, 45(5), 733-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-05516-7
Allen, J. A. (2008). The Constructivist Paradigm. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 8(1-2), 31-54. https://doi.org/10.1300/J067v08n01_03
Atashi V Mahjobipoor H, Yazdannik A.Atashi, Vajihe, Y. H. (2018). The barriers to the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the perspective of critical care nurses: A qualitative descriptive study. Journal of Clinical Nurse, 27(5-6). https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14216.6
Bergman, L., Falk, A. C., Wolf, A., & Larsson, I. M. (2021). Registered nurses’ experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing in Critical Care, 26(6), 467-475. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.12649
Esin, M. N., & Sezgin, D. (2017). Intensive Care Unit Workforce: Occupational Health and Safety. In N. Shaikh (Ed.), Intensive Care (p. Ch. 10). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68308
Gatt, M., Reddy, B. S., & MacFie, J. (2007). Review article: Bacterial translocation in the critically ill - Evidence and methods of prevention. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25(7), 741-757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03174.x
Gupta, A., Gupta, A., Singh, T., & Saxsena, A. (2016). Role of oral care to prevent VAP in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 10(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.4103/1658-354X.169484
Hamilton, A., & Grap, M. J. (2012). The role of the endotracheal tube cuff in microaspiration V. Heart Lung, 41(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.09.001
Heath, L. (2015). Triangulation: Methodology. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 639-644). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.44059-6
Hua, F., Xie, H., Worthington, H. V, Furness, S., Zhang, Q., & Li, C. (2016). Oral hygiene care for critically ill patients to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008367.pub3
Jaillette, E., Brunin, G., Girault, C., Zerimech, F., Chiche, A., Broucqsault-Dedrie, C., Fayolle, C., Minacori, F., Alves, I., Barrailler, S., Robriquet, L., Tamion, F., Delaporte, E., Thellier, D., Delcourte, C., Duhamel, A., & Nseir, S. (2015). Impact of tracheal cuff shape on microaspiration of gastric contents in intubated critically ill patients: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0955-z
Karakaya, Z., Duyu, M., & Yersel, M. N. (2021). Oral mucosal mouthwash with chlorhexidine does not reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill children: A randomised controlled trial. Australian Critical Care. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.06.011
Klompas, M., Branson, R., Eichenwald, E. C., Greene, L. R., Howell, M. D., Lee, G., Magill, S. S., Maragakis, L. L., Priebe, G. P., Speck, K., Yokoe, D. S., & Berenholtz, S. M. (2014). Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 35(8), 915-936. https://doi.org/10.1086/677144
Koch, P., Zilezinski, M., Schulte, K., Strametz, R., Nienhaus, A., & Raspe, M. (2020). How perceived quality of care and job satisfaction are associated with intention to leave the profession in young nurses and physicians. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082714
Kózka, M., Sega, A., Wojnar-Gruszka, K., Tarnawska, A., & Gniadek, A. (2020). Risk factors of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020656
Lakanmaa, R. L., Suominen, T., Ritmala-Castrén, M., Vahlberg, T., & Leino-Kilpi, H. (2015). Basic competence of intensive care unit nurses: Cross-sectional survey study. BioMed Research International, 2015(ii). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536724
Marshall, J. C., Bosco, L., Adhikari, N. K., Connolly, B., Diaz, J. V., Dorman, T., Fowler, R. A., Meyfroidt, G., Nakagawa, S., Pelosi, P., Vincent, J. L., Vollman, K., & Zimmerman, J. (2017). What is an intensive care unit? A report of the task force of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine. Journal of Critical Care, 37, 270-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.07.015
Mayer, I. (2015). Qualitative research with a focus on qualitative data analysis. International Journal of Sales, Retailing & Marketing, 4(9), 53-67.
Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., King, & Nigel. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method Original Citation. The Psychologist, 28(8), 643-644. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26984/
O’Brien, B. C., Harris, I. B., Beckman, T. J., Reed, D. A., & Cook, D. A. (2014). Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Academic Medicine, 89(9), 1245-1251. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
Rahmah, N. M., Sri Hariyati, R. T., & Sahar, J. (2022). Nurses’ efforts to maintain competence: A qualitative study. Journal of Public Health Research, 11(2), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2736
Rathnayake, S., Dasanayake, D., Maithreepala, S. D., Ekanayake, R., & Basnayake, P. L. (2021). Nurses’ perspectives of taking care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A phenomenological study. PLoS ONE, 16(9 September), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257064
Samra, S. R., Sherif, D. M., & Elokda, S. A. (2017). Impact of VAP bundle adherence among ventilated critically ill patients and its effectiveness in adult ICU. Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, 66(1), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcdt.2016.08.010
Semedi, B. P. (2020). Landasan Pengelolaan ICU di Era Pandemi COVID -19. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga - RSUD Dr Soetomo. https://persi.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/materi_drbambangps_kars120620.pdf
Suhariyanto, Hariyati, R. T. S., & Ungsianik, T. (2018). Improving the interpersonal competences of head nurses through Peplau’s theoretical active learning approach. Enfermeria Clinica, 28(April), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-8621(18)30056-1
Torres, A., Niederman, M. S., Chastre, J., Ewig, S., Fernandez-Vandellos, P., Hanberger, H., Kollef, M., Bassi, G. L., Luna, C. M., Martin-Loeches, I., Paiva, J. A., Read, R. C., Rigau, D., Timsit, J. F., Welte, T., & Wunderink, R. (2017). International ERS/ESICM/ESCMID/ALAT guidelines for the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal, 50(3). https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00582-2017
Vance, G., Koczen-Doyle, D., McGee-Mccullough, D., Kuzma, A. M., & Butler-Lebair, M. (2010). Nursing care in the intensive care unit setting: The role of the nurse in the ICU. In Critical Care Study Guide: Text and Review: Second Edition (pp. 225-238). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_13
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2022 Yulis Setiya Dewi, Arina Qona'ah, Hidayat Arifin, Rifky Octavia Pradipta, Lizy Sonia Benjamin