Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran

Factors influencing the understanding of diabetic retinopathy complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study

2025-08-04T06:29:40+00:00

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise steadily over the years, contributing to a significant increase in the risk of developing eye-related complications. The escalating burden of vision-related complications urge the early prevention measures for type 2 diabetes mellitus population.

Purpose: Explore factors influencing the understanding of diabetic retinopathy among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended a diabetic clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative design using purposive sampling. From March to April 2021, three focus group discussions ranging in length from 30 minutes to an hour were performed utilising a semi-structured interview guide conducted with nine participants (five women and four men) aged 35 to 65 visited the diabetic clinic. Participants included in the study were who had type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed after six months or more. Data retrieved was thematically analysed using ATLAS/ti software, following the qualitative data analysis stages.

Results:. Two themes emerged: challenges in practicing self-care and facilitating factors for health education. Subthemes within the challenges of practicing self-care included lack of knowledge about eye anatomy, changes in vision quality, concerns about medication intake, issues with glucose monitoring, challenges in nutritional management, and alternative practices. Subtheme for facilitating factors for health education included team work for giving health education, elements in diabetic retinopathy health education and teaching aid.

Conclusions: Despite the availability of health education materials in the clinical context, participants identified a need for greater depth in diabetic retinopathy implications. Future studies and efforts include developing educational programs.

Factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults living in Coastal Areas: Implications for community nursing practice

2025-07-09T08:42:58+00:00

Background: Indonesia’s growing older adult population is experiencing a rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Coastal populations face unique risks, including limited health service access, dependence on fisheries-based livelihoods, and dietary patterns high in salt and low in fresh produce. These factors may heighten vulnerability to T2DM, yet remain underexplored.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine determinants of T2DM among older adults living in a coastal community.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 older adults selected using purposive sampling between October 30 and December 14, 2024. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Chi-square tests assessed associations between independent variables and T2DM, and variables with p < 0.25 were entered into multivariable logistic regression to identify significant predictors.

Results: Comorbidity (p < 0.001), nutritional status (p = 0.001), physical activity (p < 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with T2DM. In multivariable analysis, lower physical activity emerged as the strongest predictor (OR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.18–14.48; Wald = 4.92; p = 0.027). Comorbidity (OR = 3.61), depression (OR = 3.64), and nutritional status (OR = 3.28) also remained significant independent factors.

Conclusions: T2DM among older adults in coastal areas was more likely in those with comorbidities, depressive symptoms, altered nutritional status, and especially low physical activity. These findings highlight the need for community-based nursing interventions emphasizing physical activity promotion, nutritional counseling, and depression screening to mitigate T2DM risk in vulnerable coastal populations

Alcohol use and sociodemographic risk factors for severe intimate partner violence among women in Timor-Leste

2025-05-31T12:40:55+00:00

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a significant public health concern in Timor-Leste, with sociocultural norms, economic disparities, and partner behaviors contributing to its prevalence. Understanding the associated risk factors is crucial for informing prevention strategies.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with severe IPV among women in Timor-Leste

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 3,694 women aged 15–49 years who participated in the 2016 Timor-Leste Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). The outcome variable was self-reported severe IPV. Independent variables included age, marital status, education, household wealth index, place of residence, geographic region, and husband/partner’s alcohol consumption. Weighted logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (COR, AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: Severe IPV was significantly associated with being aged 25–34 (AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.19–2.52), being unmarried/widowed/divorced (AOR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.33–4.92), and having a partner who consumed alcohol (AOR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.85–3.11). Higher education and better economic status were protective against IPV.

Conclusions: Alcohol consumption by partners, lower education levels, and economic disadvantage are key risk factors for severe IPV in Timor-Leste. Policies targeting alcohol reduction, women’s empowerment, and tailored regional interventions are essential to mitigate IPV and its health impacts

Impact social rehabilitation program on quality of life of inmates with illicit drug use

2024-11-05T05:36:49+00:00

Background: Inmates with illicit drug use have experienced various problems that affect their Quality of Life (QoL). The social rehabilitation program is expected to improve their QoL. Studies investigating the impact of social rehabilitation programs on QoL of inmates with drug abuse are limited.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the differences in the QoL of inmates with illicit drug use at the 0, 3rd, and 6th months of the program and to know the program's effectiveness in three Indonesian prisons.

Methods: This study used a secondary data analysis of comparison study with pre-post program intervention for inmates with illicit drugs in Indonesian Prisons by analyzing inmates' QoL. The instrument used the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). This study consists of documents from 400 male and 92 female inmates with illicit drug use who fully participate in social rehabilitation programs in three prisons. Data were analyzed by measuring the frequency and mean of QoL in the 0, 3^rd, and 6^th months using the One-Way Anova and the Kruskal Wallis to evaluate the program's effect on the QoL.

Results: The average QoL in physical, psychological, social relationship, and environment domains increased from the 0, to 3^rd, and 6^th months of the program. The rehabilitation program was effective in improving QoL (p<0.001) in Prisons A and C, but it was found no significant effect on QoL in Prison B (p=0.069).

Conclusions: The rehabilitation program was potentially effective in improving the QoL of inmates with illicit drug use. It is important for related parties to further evaluate the supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the QoL in the social rehabilitation program and overcome these inhibiting factors.

Motivation and self-efficacy as key factors influencing self-care in hypertensive adults: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia

2024-11-29T04:01:43+00:00

Introduction: Self-care is crucial for enhancing life quality and and preventing cardiovascular, renal, and vascular complications in individuals with hypertension. However, self-care among patient’s hypertension remains suboptimal. Our research aimed to identify the determinants of self-care practice among hypertensive patients in Indonesia.

Methods: A survey that was cross-sectional. It carried out among 209 adults with hypertension attending community health centers in Central Java, Indonesia. Self-care behaviors, motivation, self-efficacy, and knowledge were assessed using the validated Hypertension Self-Care Profile (HBP-SCP) and Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HKLS). Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the data.

Results: Bivariate analysis revealed significant correlation between self-care behavior and motivation (p<0.001), self-efficacy (p<0.001), and history of hypertension in the family

(p=0.018). No significant associations were observed for age, gender, education, occupation, body mass index, blood pressure, or knowledge (all p>0.05). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that motivation (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.10–4.45, p=0.025) and self-efficacy (OR=7.84, 95% CI=3.99–15.39, p<0.001) were independent determinants of good self-care.

Conclusions: Motivation and self-efficacy are key determinants of hypertension self-care behaviors among Indonesian adults. Interventions should prioritize strengthening motivation and building self-efficacy through motivational interviewing, skills training, and structured follow-up by nurses and other healthcare professionals.

Perceived stress and anxiety in government employees during remote work arrangements : A correlation study

2025-02-11T07:11:02+00:00

Background: The transition to remote work has significantly reshaped workplace structures, posing unique challenges for employees. Government workers, accustomed to face-to-face interactions, faced substantial adjustments when transitioning to remote arrangements, leading to concerns about their mental health, particularly stress and anxiety.

Purpose: This study examines perceived levels of stress and anxiety among government employees in remote work arrangements and investigates the relationship between these mental health outcomes and socio-demographic factors.

Methods: A descriptive correlational study design was employed, targeting 257 government employees from 11 PhilHealth offices in the National Capital Region. Stratified random sampling recruited 173 employees completing an online self-administered survey. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) tools were used to measure stress and anxiety levels. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square tests were applied for data analysis.

Results: Most respondents (96.32%) reported moderate stress levels (mean PSS score = 19.51), while nearly half (49.69%) exhibited mild anxiety (mean GAD-7 score = 6.83). Severe stress and anxiety were minimal, at 3.07% and 0.61%, respectively. No significant correlations were identified between socio-demographic factors and mental health outcomes.

Conclusions: The study highlights moderate stress and mild anxiety levels among government employees during remote work. Findings emphasize the importance of mental health support and structured remote work policies to address workplace stress during periods of significant organizational change.

“Hope amidst uncertainty”- parents’ experiences during their children stayed in pediatric intensive care unit with respiratory failure: A qualitative phenomenology study

2025-08-10T04:37:39+00:00

Background: The hope of parents was vital, especially in the context of children’s high risk of mortality due to respiratory failure.

Purpose: To discover how parents hoped with children who had respiratory failure in pediatric intensive care unit of a general hospital located in northeastern, Thailand.

Method: This qualitative research method was based on Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology. Participants were purposively chosen. A semi-structured interview guide was used to keep focus during the interviews. The 12 participants were recruited by the principle of data saturation. Lifeworld’s approach of van Manen concept used for data analysis. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used in approaching trustworthiness.

Results: This study found 8 main themes: Lived body: 1) Blaming my lateness, hopefully recovery. 2) Comforting myself, come to terms with the truth (Tum jai). Lived space: 3) Floating in the dark, death was imminent, hopefully hospital discharge. Lived Time: 4) Waiting was torturous, every second counts. Lived relation: 5) Requiring humanized care. 6) Hoping holy things help my child heal. Lived things: 7) Enduring excruciating pain with life-saving devices. 8) Keeping a phone close at hand but not wanting to hear its call.

Conclusion: Parents depended on hope as the way to cope with uncertainty and the possibility of death. Nurses should support parents in coping with guilt, uncertainty, and despair by fostering holistic approaches, humanized care, enhanced communication, effective pain management and promoting family centered care.

Cross-Culture Adaptation and Validation of Indonesian version of CRAFFT Substance Abuse Screening Test among adolescents

2024-12-04T06:00:08+00:00

Background: Substance abuse among adolescent in Indonesia remains public health problem. The CRFFT is the most widely utilized high-risk drug screening tool. Its use in different countries and contexts shows its enormous potential. Although the CRAFFT has been utilized on occasion by professionals and researchers in Indonesia, no psychometric tests have been conducted to ensure that it works reliably in our country.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the psychometric performance of the CRAFFT screening tool among Indonesian adolescents.

Methods: Eighty adolescents aged 15–18 years, recruited from a drug rehabilitation facility in West Java, Indonesia, participated in the research. The CRAFFT instrument underwent a four-step translation and adaptation process. Content validity was assessed using Aiken’s V index. The factorial structure of the instrument was explored through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsequently verified with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using the Kuder–Richardson 20 (KR-20) coefficient.

Results: CRAFTT CVI was 0.80–1.00 with the factor loadings for each of the three scales in the CRAFTT was 0.65–0.88. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for CRAFFT were as follows: I² = 64.11, p-value = 0.121, and df = 78. Pearson correlation coefficients for the six different subscales ranged from 0.450 to 0.637. KR-20 coefficient of CRAFFT was 0.767. Corrected Homogeneity Index (CHI) ranged from 0.314 to 0.580.

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the CRAFFT instrument can serve as a practical and effective tool for identifying substance use issues among adolescents in Indonesia. Further investigations are recommended to examine its sensitivity and specificity in order to establish stronger evidence for the validity of the CRAFFT within this population.

The effect of an empowerment program on knowledge and cancer cervical screening participation among reproductive age women in Indonesia: A randomized clinical trial

2025-01-24T06:58:33+00:00

Background: Cervical cancer in Indonesia is the second leading cause of death and a significant health burden, largely due to low screening coverage. Indonesia faces challenges in developing women's health due to a lack of information, studies, weak relationship between research, management, planning, and service provision, and limited resources and expertise. This study aimed to examine the effect of an empowerment-based educational intervention on improving knowledge and participation in cervical cancer screening among women of reproductive age in Indonesia.

Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia, from February to July 2023, involving 150 eligible women. Participants were allocated to intervention or control groups using block randomization (block size = 4) with a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group received a three-week empowerment program consisting of six educational sessions. Outcomes, including cervical cancer knowledge and screening participation, were measured at baseline and eight weeks post-intervention. Data were analyzed using t-tests, chi-square tests, and linear regression. Risk ratios and differences were estimated using marginal standardization. Analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle, with blinding applied during data analysis.

Results: A randomized study with 80 participants showed an improvement in knowledge about cervical cancer and cancer cervical screening participation at 8 weeks. The intervention group showed a mean difference of 3.91 (1.38) and 4.24 (0.45) p<0.05. More participants in the intervention group reached Minimal Clinically Important Differences (MCIDs) in knowledge about cervical cancer and cancer cervical screening participation than in the control group, with a relative risk of 2.34 (95% CI=1.08-4.36) and 2.57 (95% CI=1.21-4.90), respectively.

Conclusion: An empowerment program significantly enhances knowledge and participation in cancer cervical screening among reproductive age women in Indonesia after intervention, but further studies are needed to determine its long-term impact.

The effect of dance movement therapy on physical activity levels, mood, and emotional resilience among older adults in Indonesia

2025-02-11T07:11:22+00:00

The relationship between the current knowledge’s satisfaction of disaster preparedness and the practice of family emergency planning

2025-05-07T08:23:45+00:00

Background: Since the 2020 version, the content of family emergency planning (FEP) has been included in the Indonesian Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook. However, there is still limited information on whether pregnant women, especially those who are living in disaster-prone areas like Yogyakarta Province, practice it in their day-to-day lives.

Purpose: to analyse the relationship between the current knowledge’s satisfaction of disaster preparedness and the practice of FEP among pregnant women based on the MCH handbook.

Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey with a cross-sectional design was applied in this study. Data collection was conducted between March and September 2024 using three questionnaires, which included demographic data, current knowledge’s satisfaction with disaster preparedness, and practice of FEP. The samples were 277 pregnant women. Data were analysed with a chi-square test and Cramer’s V test

Results: Most of respondents reported of having quite satisfied (43.32%) with their current knowledge of disaster preparedness. As many as 135 respondents (48.73%) reported practicing FEP, but only 35.56% of them completed the practice. There is a significant relationship between the satisfaction of current knowledge about disaster preparedness with the practice of FEP, but the association is weak (p=0.04, Cramer’s V=0.04).

Conclusions: The current knowledge’s satisfaction with disaster preparedness and the practice of FEP has a significant relationship, but the association is weak. Policymakers need to develop disaster preparedness and FEP strategies based on the findings in the field and the identification of barriers. Health care professionals should improve pregnant women’s FEP and ensure that they practice it in their daily lives through various activities such mobile reminders, group education, and integration into digital platforms.

Effectiveness of create sensitivity model on glycemic control and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes

2024-11-05T08:13:05+00:00

Background: Type 2 diabetes significantly affects patients' quality of life (QOL). The "Create Sensitivity" model, integrating cognitive restructuring, patient discharge planning, self-care, and hope cultivation, offers a holistic approach to address these patients' psychological and emotional challenges.

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Create Sensitivity" treatment model in improving glycemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to standard care.

Methods: Seventy adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the "Create Sensitivity" intervention group (n=35) or a standard care control group (n=35). The intervention consisted of 12 weekly 2-hour group sessions. HbA1c levels, mean blood glucose, and QOL scores were measured at baseline and 12 weeks post-intervention. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with a significance level of p<0.05.

Results: The "Create Sensitivity" intervention group showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels (8.7% to 5.88% vs. 8.03% to 7.71%, p<0.001), mean blood glucose levels (203.25 mg/dL to 122.12 mg/dL vs. 184.05 mg/dL to 175.02 mg/dL, p<0.001), and quality of life scores (31.63 to 58.54 vs. 37.14 to 39.8, p<0.001) compared to the control group receiving standard care, with large effect sizes for all outcomes.

Conclusions: The "Create Sensitivity" program effectively improved glycemic control and QOL in patients with type 2 diabetes. Integrating psychological and behavioural strategies into diabetes management may enhance patient outcomes. Further research is needed to assess long-term impacts and broader applicability.

Strategies to enhance the integration of health services, education, research and community engagement within the Nursing Center Model

2025-07-29T08:52:02+00:00

The Nursing Center (NC) Model is an innovative approach that integrates community engagement, education, research, and community health care services. We have identified a conceptual framework for a client-centered, service-learning-oriented nursing curriculum that revitalizes community health nursing and improves services through integrated practice and research. The six stages of integration approaches include preparation, orientation, working, pre-termination, termination, and adoption. Implementing these strategies can enhance the quality of nursing services, nursing graduates, and the health of people in the community. To improve outcomes for all stakeholders involved, the Academic Health System (AHS) may also incorporate the NC model within the system.